CSMA/CD is an acronym used for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection and is a collision detection protocol. It is basically a refinement/improvisation of CSMA where the user detects the occurrence of data packet collision along with sensing for the availability of carrier in a multiple user network channel. This technique enables us to …
CSMA an acronym used for Carrier Sense Multiple Access. It is a type of random-access protocol, where multiple stations transmit their data over a shared channel. However, before transmission, each station senses the channel first and transmits only when finds the channel idle. In CSMA, each station is equally prioritized and thus the transmission occurs …
Hamming Codes are linear block codes designed to detect and correct errors introduced in message bits transmitted from an end to another through a communication channel. These are single error-correcting codes that offer ease in encoding and decoding. Hamming Code falls under the category of error correction coding and is a type of cyclic code. …
Cyclic Code is known to be a subclass of linear block codes where cyclic shift in the bits of the codeword results in another codeword. It is quite important as it offers easy implementation and thus finds applications in various systems. Cyclic codes are widely used in satellite communication as the information sent digitally is …
CDMA is a short form used for Code Division Multiple Access. CDMA is a technique that allows multiple users to simultaneously transmit data signals over a common channel by assigning unique spreading code to each individual user. This leads to the increasing of bandwidth used by transmitting stations from a few Hz to a few …
ALOHA Protocol is a type of random-access protocol that allows simultaneous transmission of data frames by multiple stations over a common communication channel. This protocol is a simple communication technique where each individual station that is a part of the network holds equal priority and operates independently. Some other names for ALOHA protocol are ALOHA system …
Concatenated Codes is a type of error-correcting code formed by the series combinations of two or even more codes to form a complex one. By this approach, a long length code is produced that increases the randomness thereby increasing the encryption ability. This facilitates more secured data communication. Basically, the word ‘concatenation’ is used in …
Convolutional code is another type of error-correcting code where the output bits are obtained by performing a desired logical operation on a present bitstream along with considering some bits of the previous stream. This coding technique rather than depending on the block of bits shows dependency on bitstream. It is also a linear code that …
Linear block code is a type of error-correcting code in which the actual information bits are linearly combined with the parity check bits so as to generate a linear codeword that is transmitted through the channel. Another major type of error-correcting code is convolution code. In the linear block code technique, the complete message is …
The earth segment in the satellite communication system consists of earth stations (earth terminals) with their respective equipment, circuits and various links to the terrestrial network. Earth stations are a major part of the earth segment and can be of fixed or mobile nature. Earth stations are structurally quite complex as it includes the necessary …